Migrating to more consistent usage of Pool
This commit is contained in:
Pavel Shevaev
parent
046f7d0d7b
commit
d6d473e848
114
db.go
114
db.go
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
|
|||
"git.bit5.ru/backend/dbr"
|
||||
"git.bit5.ru/backend/errors"
|
||||
"git.bit5.ru/backend/mysql"
|
||||
"git.bit5.ru/backend/res_tracker"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
type Settings struct {
|
||||
|
|
@ -22,78 +21,57 @@ func (s *Settings) ConnStr() string {
|
|||
return s.User + ":" + s.Pass + "@tcp(" + s.Host + ":" + s.Port + ")/" + s.Name + s.Params
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
type Pool struct {
|
||||
DB *sql.DB
|
||||
S Settings
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (p *Pool) Close() {
|
||||
p.DB.Close()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
type DBC struct {
|
||||
Logger *colog.CoLog
|
||||
s Settings
|
||||
_con *dbr.Connection //lazy one, should be accessed via con() method
|
||||
_sess *dbr.Session //lazy one, should be accessed via sess() method
|
||||
P *Pool
|
||||
//NOTE: it's not a 'connection', it embeds sql.Pool (dbr uses strange names for entities)
|
||||
con *dbr.Connection
|
||||
sess *dbr.Session
|
||||
trx *dbr.Tx
|
||||
trxRefs int
|
||||
commitTry int
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func GetDBC(logger *colog.CoLog, s Settings) *DBC {
|
||||
|
||||
logger = logger.Clone().AddPrefix("[" + s.Prefix + "] ")
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := &DBC{Logger: logger, s: s, _con: nil, _sess: nil}
|
||||
|
||||
return dbc
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
//NOTE: In its current implementation this method creates a new Pool
|
||||
// on each connection request. This is subotimal and should be
|
||||
// addressed in a new version of the package
|
||||
func (dbc *DBC) con() *dbr.Connection {
|
||||
if dbc._con == nil {
|
||||
driver := dbc.s.Driver
|
||||
func OpenPool(s Settings) *Pool {
|
||||
driver := s.Driver
|
||||
if len(driver) == 0 {
|
||||
driver = "mysql"
|
||||
}
|
||||
//NOTE: sql.Open(..) doesn't happen to return an error
|
||||
pool, _ := sql.Open(driver, dbc.s.ConnStr())
|
||||
sqlDb, _ := sql.Open(driver, s.ConnStr())
|
||||
|
||||
dbc._con = dbr.NewConnection(pool, nil)
|
||||
//TODO: take values from Settings
|
||||
sqlDb.SetMaxIdleConns(100)
|
||||
sqlDb.SetMaxOpenConns(0)
|
||||
sqlDb.SetConnMaxLifetime(0)
|
||||
sqlDb.SetConnMaxIdleTime(0)
|
||||
|
||||
res_tracker.Track(dbc)
|
||||
}
|
||||
return dbc._con
|
||||
return &Pool{DB: sqlDb, S: s}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (dbc *DBC) sess() *dbr.Session {
|
||||
if dbc._sess == nil {
|
||||
dbc._sess = dbc.con().NewSession(&EventReceiver{logger: dbc.Logger, s: dbc.s})
|
||||
}
|
||||
return dbc._sess
|
||||
func GetDBC(p *Pool, logger *colog.CoLog) *DBC {
|
||||
|
||||
logger = logger.Clone().AddPrefix("[" + p.S.Prefix + "] ")
|
||||
|
||||
con := dbr.NewConnection(p.DB, nil)
|
||||
sess := con.NewSession(&EventReceiver{logger: logger, s: p.S})
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := &DBC{Logger: logger, P: p, con: con, sess: sess}
|
||||
|
||||
return dbc
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (dbc *DBC) Open() {
|
||||
dbc.con()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (dbc *DBC) IsOpen() bool {
|
||||
return dbc._con != nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (dbc *DBC) Close() error {
|
||||
if dbc._con != nil {
|
||||
res_tracker.Untrack(dbc)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc.Rollback()
|
||||
err := dbc._con.Db.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
dbc._con = nil
|
||||
dbc._sess = nil
|
||||
|
||||
return err
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
return nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
//NOTE: for low level stuff
|
||||
func (dbc *DBC) DB() *sql.DB {
|
||||
return dbc.con().Db
|
||||
return dbc.P.DB
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func (dbc *DBC) Transaction(txFunc func(dbc *DBC) error) (err error) {
|
||||
|
|
@ -121,7 +99,7 @@ func (dbc *DBC) Begin() error {
|
|||
dbc.trxRefs++
|
||||
return nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
trx, err := dbc.sess().Begin()
|
||||
trx, err := dbc.sess.Begin()
|
||||
if err == nil {
|
||||
dbc.trx = trx
|
||||
dbc.trxRefs = 1
|
||||
|
|
@ -169,8 +147,8 @@ func (dbc *DBC) Commit() error {
|
|||
func (dbc *DBC) Update(table string) *dbr.UpdateBuilder {
|
||||
if dbc.trx == nil {
|
||||
return &dbr.UpdateBuilder{
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess(),
|
||||
Runner: dbc.con().Db,
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess,
|
||||
Runner: dbc.P.DB,
|
||||
Table: table,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,8 +164,8 @@ func (dbc *DBC) Update(table string) *dbr.UpdateBuilder {
|
|||
func (dbc *DBC) UpdateBySQL(sql string, args ...interface{}) *dbr.UpdateBuilder {
|
||||
if dbc.trx == nil {
|
||||
return &dbr.UpdateBuilder{
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess(),
|
||||
Runner: dbc.con().Db,
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess,
|
||||
Runner: dbc.P.DB,
|
||||
RawFullSql: sql,
|
||||
RawArguments: args,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -205,8 +183,8 @@ func (dbc *DBC) UpdateBySQL(sql string, args ...interface{}) *dbr.UpdateBuilder
|
|||
func (dbc *DBC) DeleteFrom(from string) *dbr.DeleteBuilder {
|
||||
if dbc.trx == nil {
|
||||
return &dbr.DeleteBuilder{
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess(),
|
||||
Runner: dbc.con().Db,
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess,
|
||||
Runner: dbc.P.DB,
|
||||
From: from,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -222,8 +200,8 @@ func (dbc *DBC) DeleteFrom(from string) *dbr.DeleteBuilder {
|
|||
func (dbc *DBC) Select(cols ...string) *dbr.SelectBuilder {
|
||||
if dbc.trx == nil {
|
||||
return &dbr.SelectBuilder{
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess(),
|
||||
Runner: dbc.con().Db,
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess,
|
||||
Runner: dbc.P.DB,
|
||||
Columns: cols,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -239,8 +217,8 @@ func (dbc *DBC) Select(cols ...string) *dbr.SelectBuilder {
|
|||
func (dbc *DBC) SelectBySQL(sql string, args ...interface{}) *dbr.SelectBuilder {
|
||||
if dbc.trx == nil {
|
||||
return &dbr.SelectBuilder{
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess(),
|
||||
Runner: dbc.con().Db,
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess,
|
||||
Runner: dbc.P.DB,
|
||||
RawFullSql: sql,
|
||||
RawArguments: args,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -326,8 +304,8 @@ func (dbc *DBC) SelectBySQLWithChunkedIN(sql string, chunkSize int, args ...inte
|
|||
func (dbc *DBC) InsertInto(into string) *dbr.InsertBuilder {
|
||||
if dbc.trx == nil {
|
||||
return &dbr.InsertBuilder{
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess(),
|
||||
Runner: dbc.con().Db,
|
||||
Session: dbc.sess,
|
||||
Runner: dbc.P.DB,
|
||||
Into: into,
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
171
db_test.go
171
db_test.go
|
|
@ -11,17 +11,25 @@ import (
|
|||
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
var settings = db.Settings{Host: "127.0.0.1", Port: "3306", User: "root", Pass: "test", Name: "tests"}
|
||||
var logger = colog.NewCoLog(os.Stderr, "", 0)
|
||||
|
||||
func getDBC() *db.DBC {
|
||||
dbc := db.GetDBC(logger, settings)
|
||||
func getSettings() db.Settings {
|
||||
//TODO: use ENV settings as well
|
||||
return db.Settings{Host: "127.0.0.1", Port: "3306", User: "root", Pass: "test", Name: "tests"}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func getPool() *db.Pool {
|
||||
return db.OpenPool(getSettings())
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func getDBC(p *db.Pool) *db.DBC {
|
||||
dbc := db.GetDBC(p, logger)
|
||||
return dbc
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestDefaultClientCharsetAndCollation(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
|
||||
var result = make(map[string]string)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -58,13 +66,14 @@ func TestDefaultClientCharsetAndCollation(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestClientCharsetAndCollation(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
DSNWithLatinCollation := settings
|
||||
DSNWithLatinCollation := getSettings()
|
||||
DSNWithLatinCollation.Params = "?collation=latin1_swedish_ci"
|
||||
pool := db.OpenPool(DSNWithLatinCollation)
|
||||
defer pool.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
var resultsLatin1 = make(map[string]string)
|
||||
|
||||
dbLatin1 := db.GetDBC(logger, DSNWithLatinCollation)
|
||||
defer dbLatin1.Close()
|
||||
dbLatin1 := db.GetDBC(pool, logger)
|
||||
|
||||
characterSets, err := dbLatin1.DB().Query("show variables where Variable_name in ('character_set_client', 'character_set_connection', 'character_set_results');")
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
|
|
@ -98,55 +107,10 @@ func TestClientCharsetAndCollation(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestCloseConn(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
var res int
|
||||
err := dbc.SelectBySQL("SELECT 1").LoadValue(&res)
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 1, res)
|
||||
assert.True(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
|
||||
dbc.Close()
|
||||
assert.False(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
//connection is automatically restored
|
||||
err = dbc.SelectBySQL("SELECT 1").LoadValue(&res)
|
||||
assert.True(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 1, res)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestDoubleCloseConnIsOk(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
var res int
|
||||
err := dbc.SelectBySQL("SELECT 1").LoadValue(&res)
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 1, res)
|
||||
assert.True(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
|
||||
dbc.Close()
|
||||
assert.False(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
//connection is automatically restored
|
||||
err = dbc.SelectBySQL("SELECT 1").LoadValue(&res)
|
||||
assert.True(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 1, res)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc.Close()
|
||||
assert.False(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
//connection is automatically restored
|
||||
err = dbc.SelectBySQL("SELECT 1").LoadValue(&res)
|
||||
assert.True(t, dbc.IsOpen())
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 1, res)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func createFooTable(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
_, err := dbc.DB().Exec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS foo")
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
|
|
@ -157,15 +121,15 @@ func createFooTable(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
func TestTransactionCommit(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, dbc.Begin())
|
||||
dbc.UpdateBySQL("INSERT INTO foo(id) VALUES(1),(2)").Exec()
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc1.Close()
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc1))
|
||||
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 2, countFoos(t, dbc))
|
||||
|
|
@ -173,23 +137,22 @@ func TestTransactionCommit(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
assert.EqualValues(t, 2, countFoos(t, dbc))
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc2.Close()
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 2, countFoos(t, dbc2))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestTransactionCommitNestedAllOk(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
//begin 1
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, dbc.Begin())
|
||||
dbc.UpdateBySQL("INSERT INTO foo(id) VALUES(1),(2)").Exec()
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc1.Close()
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc1))
|
||||
|
||||
//begin 2
|
||||
|
|
@ -200,8 +163,7 @@ func TestTransactionCommitNestedAllOk(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
assert.EqualValues(t, 3, countFoos(t, dbc))
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc2.Close()
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc2))
|
||||
|
||||
//commit 1
|
||||
|
|
@ -209,23 +171,22 @@ func TestTransactionCommitNestedAllOk(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
assert.EqualValues(t, 3, countFoos(t, dbc))
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
db3 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer db3.Close()
|
||||
db3 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 3, countFoos(t, db3))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestTransactionCommitNestedRollback(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
//begin 1
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, dbc.Begin())
|
||||
dbc.UpdateBySQL("INSERT INTO foo(id) VALUES(1),(2)").Exec()
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc1.Close()
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc1))
|
||||
|
||||
//begin 2
|
||||
|
|
@ -238,8 +199,7 @@ func TestTransactionCommitNestedRollback(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
assert.EqualValues(t, 3, countFoos(t, dbc))
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc2.Close()
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc2))
|
||||
|
||||
//rollback 1
|
||||
|
|
@ -247,16 +207,16 @@ func TestTransactionCommitNestedRollback(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc))
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
db3 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer db3.Close()
|
||||
db3 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, db3))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestTransactionRollbackOnDeferAllOK(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
fn := func() {
|
||||
dbc.Begin()
|
||||
|
|
@ -278,16 +238,16 @@ func TestTransactionRollbackOnDeferAllOK(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn()
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc1.Close()
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 3, countFoos(t, dbc1))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestTransactionRollbackOnDefer(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
fn := func() {
|
||||
dbc.Begin()
|
||||
|
|
@ -312,23 +272,22 @@ func TestTransactionRollbackOnDefer(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
|
||||
fn()
|
||||
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc1.Close()
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc1))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestTransaction(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, dbc.Transaction(func(dbs *db.DBC) error {
|
||||
dbs.UpdateBySQL("INSERT INTO foo(id) VALUES(1),(2)").Exec()
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc1.Close()
|
||||
dbc1 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc1))
|
||||
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 2, countFoos(t, dbc))
|
||||
|
|
@ -336,16 +295,16 @@ func TestTransaction(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
}))
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc2.Close()
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 2, countFoos(t, dbc2))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestTransactionRollbackOnError(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
err := dbc.Transaction(func(dbs *db.DBC) error {
|
||||
dbs.UpdateBySQL("INSERT INTO foo(id) VALUES(1),(2)").Exec()
|
||||
|
|
@ -356,16 +315,16 @@ func TestTransactionRollbackOnError(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
assert.EqualValues(t, "Opps", err.Error())
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc2.Close()
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc2))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestTransactionRollbackOnPanic(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
|
||||
defer func() {
|
||||
if r := recover(); r != nil {
|
||||
|
|
@ -373,8 +332,7 @@ func TestTransactionRollbackOnPanic(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
assert.EqualValues(t, str, "Ooops")
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc2.Close()
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
assert.EqualValues(t, 0, countFoos(t, dbc2))
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -399,8 +357,9 @@ func countFoos(t *testing.T, dbc *db.DBC) int {
|
|||
func TestTransactionRollback(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, dbc.Begin())
|
||||
{
|
||||
_, err := dbc.UpdateBySQL("INSERT INTO foo(id) VALUES(1),(2)").Exec()
|
||||
|
|
@ -422,8 +381,7 @@ func TestTransactionRollback(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
//let's try a fresh connection
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc2.Close()
|
||||
dbc2 := getDBC(p)
|
||||
{
|
||||
err := dbc2.SelectBySQL("SELECT COUNT(id) FROM foo").LoadValue(&res)
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, err)
|
||||
|
|
@ -434,8 +392,9 @@ func TestTransactionRollback(t *testing.T) {
|
|||
func TestTransactionNestedRollback(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
createFooTable(t)
|
||||
|
||||
dbc := getDBC()
|
||||
defer dbc.Close()
|
||||
p := getPool()
|
||||
dbc := getDBC(p)
|
||||
defer p.Close()
|
||||
//begin 1
|
||||
assert.Nil(t, dbc.Begin())
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue